{"id":180,"date":"2023-09-03T18:30:53","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T16:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fuveau.net\/?p=180"},"modified":"2023-11-29T16:37:14","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T15:37:14","slug":"une-descenderie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fuveau.net\/index.php\/2023\/09\/03\/une-descenderie\/","title":{"rendered":"Une descenderie"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Encore un fleuron assez sp\u00e9cifique, important et int\u00e9ressant du patrimoine fuvelain : les descenderies.
Dans les archives d’\u00e9tat civil et notariales du village, au XVII<\/strong>e<\/sup>\u00a0et surtout au XVIII<\/strong>e\u00a0<\/sup>si\u00e8cle, les charbonniers sont l\u00e9gion. Avant l’exploitation industrielle des richesses mini\u00e8res de notre sous-sol \u00e0 partir du\u00a0d\u00e9cret du premier juillet 1809\u00a0, nos anc\u00eatres connaissaient l’existence d’affleurements de lignite appel\u00e9 charbon de terre et ne se privaient pas d’en tirer de substantielles ressources. Une quarantaine de ces descenderies sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es sur Fuveau dont une majorit\u00e9 au quartier des Planes, malheureusement les r\u00e8gles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 impos\u00e9es font que d\u00e8s que les autorit\u00e9s ont connaissance de l’existence d’une descenderie, qu’il y aurait bien d’autres fa\u00e7ons de prot\u00e9ger,\u00a0 elles s’empressent de venir les boucher \u00e0 grands coup de blocs de b\u00e9ton au grand dam de ceux pour qui le mot patrimoine a encore provisoirement un sens.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Voici avant bouchage quelques images de la descenderie de la Jacasse situ\u00e9e en limite des territoires de Fuveau et Gr\u00e9asque. Sur ces pierres nos anc\u00eatres ont vraisemblablement pris des repas pour reprendre des forces laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 leur dur et dangereux labeur. La bouteille n’est pas d’\u00e9poque mais contient un message pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures si la descenderie est r\u00e9ouverte un jour .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Comme le montre cet \u00e9tai de fortune bien conserv\u00e9, le danger \u00e9tait tout aussi grand \u00e0 faible profondeur que dans les mines industrielles.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Au vu de cette galerie, on peut imaginer les dangers que couraient tous les charbonniers. Outre les \u00e9boulements, les inondations et les difficult\u00e9s inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 l’a\u00e9ration \u00e9taient les gros probl\u00e8mes. Dans son livre \u00ab\u00a0Fuveau des origines \u00e0 l’aube du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle\u00a0\u00bb, Michel Colon a dress\u00e9 un remarquable \u00e9tat statistique sur les charbonniers de Fuveau et sur ceux qui tiraient de substantielles ressources de leur labeur qu’ils soient propri\u00e9taires terriens ou savonniers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Ci-dessus, visite de la descenderie avec moyens de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 appropri\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Entr\u00e9e de la descenderie sur la m\u00eame propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sous un autre angle. Quelques propri\u00e9taires, en particulier Quartier du petit Jas, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avis\u00e9s de l’imminence du bouchage de la descenderie se trouvant sur leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9 ! Personne ne lutte ? Aucun d\u00e9bat n’est ouvert et personne, m\u00eame pas les \u00e9lus, n’intervient pour prot\u00e9ger ce patrimoine qui pourrait faire le bonheur touristique et culturel de la commune ! Pour voir ce qu’il reste de notre patrimoine de descenderies b\u00e9tonn\u00e9es, vous pouvez aller au coll\u00e8ge Font d’Aurumy de Fuveau et longer le mur ext\u00e9rieur entre l’entr\u00e9e principale et le portail donnant acc\u00e8s aux cuisines, l\u00e0 vous tomberez sur un bloc de b\u00e9ton d’une laideur \u00e9difiante surmont\u00e9 d’une sorte de borne ou de st\u00e8le sur laquelle on lit \u00a0\u00bb Danger puits de mine\u00a0\u00bb. Administration quand tu nous tiens !<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Contre les murs du coll\u00e8ge de Fuveau, c’est l’enterrement d’un patrimoine. Administration, encore merci !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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A l’entr\u00e9e de Gardanne, cot\u00e9 gare, une tentative de reproduction d’entr\u00e9e de descenderie r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2006 pour orner un rond-point. Pour en avoir connu une quartier des Planes \u00e0 Fuveau, je puis affirmer que la reproduction est assez fid\u00e8le hormis l’\u00e9paisse grille de fer. Attention ! Ne pas confondre les descenderies artisanales exploit\u00e9es jusqu’en 1809 sur presque tout le territoire de la commune hors vall\u00e9e de l’Arc et le fon\u00e7age des puits industriels qui leur ont succ\u00e9d\u00e9. Le puits 1 a \u00e9t\u00e9 creus\u00e9 \u00e0 l’emplacement de l’actuelle Maison des Associations et les autres ont suivi la ligne du filon en passant par l’aire de L\u00e9on, pr\u00e8s de la maison J.V\u00e9ra, puis chemin du Guignolet puis impasse des Vertus, jusqu’\u00e0 l’important puits 10, le Puits Lhuillier, puits du\u00a0 Rocher bleu. La partie de la RD 96 dite \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque mont\u00e9e du\u00a0Pailladou\u00a0\u00e9tait plus couramment d\u00e9nomm\u00e9e mont\u00e9e du 15 par les fuvelains.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Un bonus : la station du Puits Lhuillier dite Gare de la Jacquasse d’o\u00f9 partaient chaux, ciment  et charbon.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Encore un fleuron assez sp\u00e9cifique, important et int\u00e9ressant du patrimoine fuvelain : les descenderies.Dans les archives d’\u00e9tat civil et notariales du village, au XVIIe\u00a0et surtout au XVIIIe\u00a0si\u00e8cle, les charbonniers sont l\u00e9gion. Avant l’exploitation industrielle des richesses mini\u00e8res de notre sous-sol \u00e0 partir du\u00a0d\u00e9cret du premier juillet 1809\u00a0, nos anc\u00eatres connaissaient l’existence d’affleurements de lignite appel\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","iawp_total_views":10,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-la_mine","post-preview"],"yoast_head":"\nUne descenderie - Petites et grandes Histoires de Fuveau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fuveau.net\/index.php\/2023\/09\/03\/une-descenderie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une descenderie - Petites et grandes Histoires de Fuveau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Encore un fleuron assez sp\u00e9cifique, important et int\u00e9ressant du patrimoine fuvelain : les descenderies.Dans les archives d’\u00e9tat civil et notariales du village, au XVIIe\u00a0et surtout au XVIIIe\u00a0si\u00e8cle, les charbonniers sont l\u00e9gion. 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